NCTF 135 HA Near Crowhurst, Surrey

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NCTF 135 HA Overview

The location of NCTF 135 HA, which stands for No. 1 Training and Fighting Area, lies in a rural region approximately 2 miles north-west of Crowhurst village, within the county of Surrey in England.

This area is easily identifiable on Ordnance Survey maps, where it is depicted as a large oval or rectangular boundary that encloses a significant portion of land for military training purposes.

The specific geographical coordinates of NCTF 135 HA are not widely available due to its sensitive nature and restricted access. However, it’s situated in the north-eastern part of Surrey, near the county border with West Sussex.

Surrounding villages such as Crowhurst, Meath Green, and Markwick provide a backdrop to this training area, with the terrain consisting mainly of open fields, woodland areas, and rolling hills. The landscape is typical of the Wealden landscape that characterizes much of southern England.

The NCTF 135 HA site has been in use for military training purposes since World War II. Its strategic location allows it to serve as a primary venue for various military exercises and operations. This area can accommodate large-scale maneuvers, making it an essential component in the UK’s defense infrastructure.

While not publicly accessible due to its sensitive nature, NCTF 135 HA is crucial for British military forces as they require secure locations to conduct extensive training, particularly in areas such as combat and tactical operations. The precise details of the area are classified and only made available on a ‘need-to-know’ basis.

In addition to the primary use by British Armed Forces, parts of NCTF 135 HA have been used by other countries for military training exercises under specific agreements with the UK government. This facilitates international cooperation and shared military expertise within NATO and other allied nations.

Key features of the area include:

• Extensive open fields suitable for maneuver warfare training
• Rural terrain with rolling hills offering a variety of elevations and obstacles
• Woodland areas allowing for covert operations and camouflage practices
• A mix of open grasslands and wooded sections enabling forces to adapt to different environments

The remote nature and seclusion from major population centers make NCTF 135 HA an ideal location for intensive military training exercises. The area’s design and strategic position ensure that it will continue to be a crucial component in the UK’s military infrastructure for years to come.

NCTF 135 HA is a region near Crowhurst, Surrey, UK.

NCTF 135 HA is a region located near Crowhurst in Surrey, UK. The area is situated in the southeastern part of England and falls within the administrative boundaries of Surrey County Council.

The name ‘NCTF 135 HA’ refers to a grid reference system used by Ordnance Survey (OS), the national mapping agency for Great Britain. In this system, ‘HA’ represents a specific square or hectad (a 10km x 10km area) within which the location can be pinpointed further.

Crowhurst is a small village in Surrey that serves as a reference point for navigation and orientation. The village lies near the intersection of several key roads, including the B2034 and A22 trunk roads. This accessibility makes it easier to travel through and around NCTF 135 HA.

The landscape surrounding Crowhurst and NCTF 135 HA is characterized by rolling hills and wooded areas. The region falls within the Wealden district of Surrey and has an underlying geology that consists mainly of chalk, flint, and clay deposits from the Cretaceous period.

Climate-wise, NCTF 135 HA experiences a temperate maritime climate with mild winters and warm summers, typical for southern England. Annual rainfall in this area averages around 600-700 mm (24-28 inches), which is slightly lower than the UK average.

The region is home to a diverse range of plant life, including native species such as oak, beech, and yew trees. Wildlife is also abundant, with birds like woodpeckers, tawny owls, and fieldfare common sightings in winter.

NCTF 135 HA offers scenic walks and bike routes for those looking to explore its natural beauty. The surrounding landscape has a mix of open farmland, woods, and areas of outstanding natural beauty, making it perfect for outdoor enthusiasts.

Points of Interest

• Crowhurst Village: This village serves as the central point for navigation and orientation in NCTF 135 HA. Visitors can explore its quaint shops and pubs or stop by the historic St John the Baptist Church.
• Heath Farm Nature Reserve: This local nature reserve offers a range of scenic walks through woodlands, heathland, and grasslands, showcasing the region’s diverse flora and fauna.
• Crowhurst Woods: These woods offer opportunities for woodland walking, picnicking, and wildlife spotting. The area is particularly noted for its stunning display of spring flowers and autumn colors.

NCTF 135 HA near Crowhurst, Surrey, offers a unique blend of natural beauty and historic charm. Its location in the heart of England makes it an attractive destination for those interested in exploring the region’s scenic landscapes, rich heritage, or simply seeking some peace and tranquility amidst nature.

Geology and Hydrology

Sandstone Formation

The geological formation of sandstone at NCTF 135 HA near Crowhurst, Surrey, involves a combination of sedimentary and diagenetic processes that have transformed loose sand into a compact, cohesive rock.

Initially, the area was subjected to intense erosion during the Cenozoic Era, resulting in the transportation and deposition of siliciclastic sediments, primarily quartz and feldspar, through fluvial and eolian systems.

The sand grains were deposited in a variety of environments, including river deltas, floodplains, and coastal dunes, which provided a diverse range of energy conditions that influenced the grain size, shape, and sorting.

Upon deposition, the sand grains began to undergo diagenetic processes, including compaction, cementation, and mineral precipitation, which led to the formation of primary porosity and permeability.

Cementation occurred through the dissolution of silica from nearby rocks and the subsequent precipitation of quartz grains, which bound the individual sand grains together.

The primary porosity and permeability allowed groundwater to infiltrate the sand layer, contributing to further diagenetic processes such as chemical precipitation and mineralization.

Over time, as tectonic forces exerted pressure on the sedimentary column, compaction and folding occurred, causing the sand grains to be rearranged into a more stable configuration and leading to the development of secondary porosity and permeability.

At NCTF 135 HA, the sandstone formation is characterized by a diverse range of lithologies, including fine-grained arkoses, medium-grained feldspathic arenites, and coarse-grained quartzose arenites.

The dominant lithology at the site is a fine-grained arkosic sandstone with a high content of potassium feldspar, which suggests that the sediments were sourced from nearby plutons or volcanics.

A variety of diagenetic minerals have been identified within the sandstone, including quartz, calcite, and dolomite, which have precipitated in response to changes in chemistry and mineral saturation during burial and compaction.

Formation Processes

• Erosion and Transportation: The initial stages of sandstone formation involve the erosion and transportation of sediments through fluvial and eolian systems, resulting in the deposition of siliciclastic grains.
• Deposition: The deposited sand grains are subjected to various diagenetic processes, including compaction, cementation, and mineral precipitation, which transform loose sand into compact rock.
• Cementation and Mineralization: Cementation occurs through the dissolution of silica from nearby rocks and the subsequent precipitation of quartz grains, binding individual sand grains together. Mineralization occurs through chemical precipitation and mineral saturation during burial and compaction.
• Tectonic Forcing and Compaction: As tectonic forces exert pressure on the sedimentary column, compaction and folding occur, causing sand grains to be rearranged into a more stable configuration. This leads to the development of secondary porosity and permeability.

Mineral Composition

The mineral composition of the sandstone at NCTF 135 HA is characterized by a high content of potassium feldspar, indicating that the sediments were sourced from nearby plutons or volcanics. The presence of quartz and calcite suggests that these minerals have precipitated in response to changes in chemistry and mineral saturation during burial and compaction.

Lithology

The dominant lithology at the site is a fine-grained arkosic sandstone with a high content of potassium feldspar. A variety of other lithologies are present, including medium-grained feldspathic arenites and coarse-grained quartzose arenites.

The area is composed of sandstone deposits from the Cretaceous period.

The geology and hydrology of the area surrounding the NCTF 135 HA near Crowhurst, Surrey are influenced by the presence of sandstone deposits from the Cretaceous period.

The Cretaceous period, which spanned from approximately 145 to 65 million years ago, was a time of significant geological upheaval and tectonic activity in what is now southern England. During this period, a shallow sea covered much of the region, depositing layers of sand, silt, and clay that would eventually form the foundation for the underlying geology.

The sandstone deposits found in the NCTF 135 HA area are thought to be remnants of an ancient beach or coastal plain that existed during this time. These sandstones are composed primarily of quartz grains cemented together by minerals such as calcite and silica, which were formed through the dissolution and reprecipitation of earlier sediments.

The hydrology of the area is closely tied to the underlying geology. The sandstone deposits in the region are highly permeable, allowing water to easily pass through them. This has resulted in a complex network of underground aquifers that supply local groundwater resources.

During periods of heavy rainfall or flooding, surface water can infiltrate the sandstone and recharge these aquifers. Conversely, during times of drought, the aquifers can be drawn down as the water is abstracted for human use or flows through the surrounding landscape as springs or seeps.

The NCTF 135 HA area’s geology and hydrology have played a significant role in shaping the local environment and supporting the natural ecosystems that inhabit it. The sandy soils, scrubland, and woodlands found throughout the area are well adapted to the underlying geological conditions and provide important habitats for a wide range of plant and animal species.

This geological formation is typical of the Wealden Group in southern England.

The Wealden Group is a geological formation that is characteristic of the Early Cretaceous period and can be found in southern England, including the area surrounding Crowhurst in Surrey. This particular site, designated as NCTF 135 HA, is located within the North Downs Formation, which is part of the larger Wealden Group.

The Wealden Group encompasses a diverse array of rocks, primarily composed of sandstones, mudstones, and claystones, often displaying signs of weathering and erosion over millions of years. The area around Crowhurst would have been part of an ancient sea that covered much of Europe during the Early Cretaceous period.

The presence of marine fossils within the Wealden Group at this site is indicative of the geological history surrounding NCTF 135 HA, where layers of rock reveal evidence of the region’s exposure to oceanic conditions. The process of sedimentation and subsequent uplift led to the formation of the layered strata seen today.

The composition of rocks within the Wealden Group at this location suggests a mix of terrestrial and marine deposits. Mudstones are likely indicative of an environment where sediments were deposited in still or slow-moving water, possibly in a coastal plain or river delta. Sandstones could suggest more energetic sedimentation processes such as those found in rivers.

Hydrological investigations at NCTF 135 HA would be important to understand the relationship between groundwater levels and the geological structure of this area. The hydrogeological characteristics of this site can be studied through monitoring water table fluctuations, soil permeability, and the chemical composition of groundwater samples.

The interaction of surface and subsurface water at NCTF 135 HA is influenced by the surrounding topography and the geological makeup of the Wealden Group. These factors contribute to understanding local hydrological processes which in turn can help assess potential environmental risks associated with changes in groundwater levels or flows.

Environmental Features

Trees and Wildlife

The NCTF 135 HA near Crowhurst, Surrey, is a haven for **_Environmental Features_** that support a rich array of trees and wildlife.

The site’s diverse landscape consists of woodland, grassland, and wetland areas, providing a variety of habitats for local flora and fauna to thrive in.

The woodlands are dominated by mature _Oak (Quercus robur)_ and _Hazel (Corylus avellana)_ trees, which offer shelter and food for many species of birds, insects, and mammals.

These woodlands also provide an ideal habitat for fungi, such as the rare and threatened _Fungi, Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)_

The grassland areas are home to a variety of wildflowers, including _Buttercup (Ranunculus acris)_, _Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)_ and _Knapweed (Centaurea nigra)_ which support the local pollinator populations.

Wetlands within this area provide habitats for aquatic plants like _Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica)_ and _Hornwort (Ceratophyllum demersum)_, as well as supporting amphibian species such as the Common Toad (_Bufo bufo_)

The site’s diverse range of trees support a wide variety of **_Wildlife_** including birds, bats and invertebrates.

Over 100 species of bird have been recorded at this location, ranging from rare migrant species such as the Montagu’s Harrier (Circus pygargus) to resident breeding birds like the European Robin (_Erithacus rubecula_)

The woodlands and grassland areas are home to several species of bats, including the **_Noctule Bat (Nyctalus noctula)_** and _Leisler’s Bat (Nyctalus leisleri)_.

The site is also an important habitat for invertebrates, with many species of bees, wasps, ants and butterflies recorded.

The NCTF 135 HA region features mixed woodland with trees such as oak, beech, and pine.

The NCTF 135 HA region, located near Crowhurst in Surrey, boasts a diverse range of environmental features that make it a unique and fascinating area.

One of the most prominent features of this region is its mixed woodland. The woodland cover in this area consists of a variety of tree species, including oak (Quercus spp.), beech (Fagus sylvatica), and pine (Pinus spp.).

The presence of these tree species creates a rich and complex ecosystem that supports a wide range of flora and fauna. For example:

• The oak trees provide shade and habitat for various woodland birds, such as woodpeckers, nuthatches, and robins.
• The beech trees are known to support a variety of fungi species, including the rare and edible penny bun (Boletus badius).
• The pine trees create an ideal habitat for various insects, such as beetles and ants, which play important roles in decomposing organic matter.

Furthermore, the mixed woodland is accompanied by other environmental features that contribute to its biodiversity. These include:

Rivers and streams:

• The presence of rivers and streams in this region supports aquatic life, such as fish, crayfish, and various species of plants.

Wetlands:

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• The wetland areas within the NCTF 135 HA provide vital habitats for amphibians, reptiles, birds, and aquatic insects.

Heathland:

• The heathland areas in this region support a variety of low-growing plants, such as heather (Erica spp.), gorse (Ulex europaeus), and bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus).

In conclusion, the NCTF 135 HA region near Crowhurst, Surrey, is characterized by its unique mix of woodland, rivers, wetlands, and heathland. These environmental features provide essential habitats for a diverse range of flora and fauna.